The Physics Of The Periodic Table - 919 Words

Group 14 of the periodic table contains a mixture of non-metals (carbon and silicon), a metalloid (germanium), and two metals ( tin and lead). Tin is able to form dihalides and tetrahalides such as SnI2 and SnI4. However, lead will not form tetrahalides as readily as tin3. The tetrahalides of lead will decompose into dihalides due to their instability 3. The stability of the compounds is based on their respective oxidation states. Periodic trends suggest that group 14 oxidation states are normally - 4 as it is increasingly energetically favorable for them to accept electrons in order to complete their valence shells 3. However, due to the metallic properties of tin and lead, they generally lose electrons and therefore have a positive oxidation state. It is a characteristic trend to see heavier elements of the p block forming compounds in which their oxidation number is 2 (less than the group number 3 ). The heavier the atom, the more stable it is in the lower oxidation state. This is due to the inert pair effect 3. This can be correlated to the amount of energy needed to remove an electron (ionization energy), since in the higher oxidation state the p-block electrons and the s-block electrons are removed, while in the lower oxidation state, it is only the p-electrons that are removed and thus, the overall ionization energy is lower. The general periodic trend is that the ionization energy is generally lower for heavy metals, which results in the lower oxidation state beingShow MoreRelatedPhysics Of The Periodic Table1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Periodic Table Chemically speaking, the periodic table was a major factor in improving the study of elements, in which then the study of these elements expands into broader studies such as atoms and sub-atoms. This essay will talk about the history of the development of the periodic table and will further discuss the how and why it was created. Moreover, it will include the history of various chemists that contributed in the improvement of the table such as Johann Wolfgang Dà ¶bereiner, John NewlandsRead MoreEssay On Limits Of Matter1250 Words   |  5 Pages The articles â€Å"When it comes to putting the squeeze on hydrogen, diamonds make the point† and â€Å"Chemistry group offers seat at periodic table to 4 new elements† both define chemical reactions. Individuals are studying the physics of what the extreme limits of matter might be. Specific evidence can support the claim. In the first place, the article When it comes to putting the squeeze on hydrogen, diamonds make the point, this describes the combination of hydrogen and pressure to produceRead MoreEssay on Biography of Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev1141 Words   |  5 PagesRussian chemist and inventor, born on February 8, 1834, in Tobolsk, Russia. The 17th child of Ivanovich Pavlovich and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleev. Known for his brilliant intellectual ability, sharp memory, and a passionate fascination for mathematics, physics, and geography. He died January 20, 1907, in St. Petersburg, Russia. Between those years he lived a successful life full of knowledge, adventure, fellow chemists, and tragedy. In his early childhood, Dmitri Mendeleev entered the Tobolsk gymnasiumRead MoreAn Analysis Of To My One Love By Chimamanda Adichie1013 Words   |  5 Pages Amongst the two paired essays, To My One Love by Chimamanda Adichie, and My Periodic Table by Oliver Sacks, Adichie’s essay was the most effective in terms addressing the mournful topic of facing death. This melancholy writing expresses the ceaseless impacts of young love, and young loss. Between both essays, To My One Love is more effective in its purpose. To My One Love is a tender story about GB (Adichie) and her brief lover Nnamdi. The writing starts with 19 year old Adichie getting her firstRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Chemy 1033 Words   |  5 PagesA Chemy called Al is a very outgoing book that helps you use your imagination so you can clearly see the different forms of elements of the periodic table. It s full of action and will keep you guessing on what is going to happen. Here are some main key points of the story. Key idea 1 Chemy lion is one of the main characters In the book â€Å"The Chemy called Al† he is supposed to represent something big and luxurious and mysterious. In the book Chemy lion blends in with the surrounds aroundRead MoreHistory Of The Periodic Table Of Elements1664 Words   |  7 PagesLeonardo Miranda Mr. Tagami Chemistry 10/24/14 History of the Periodic Table of Elements The construction of the Periodic Table of Elements was prior to the discovery of the individual elements. Elements such as silver, gold, tin, copper, lead and mercury have been known for centuries. In 1649, the first scientific discovery of an element was made by Hennig Brand when he discovered phosphorous. Prior to Brand’s discovery, chemists had acquired an immense body of understanding concerning the propertiesRead MoreThe Science Of The Chemistry1035 Words   |  5 Pagesto observe the photosynthesis in plants and that they take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen and he contributed to the understanding of photosynthesis and respiration. Ernest Rutherford has discoveries in the field of radioactivity and nuclear physics. He has discovered alpha and beta rays, and identified alpha rays as helium nuclei. Rutherford hypothesized about the nuclear structure of atoms. He wrote about the nuclear structure of an atom. His contribution is to understand of radio elementsRead MoreAtomic Timeline : The Alchemy1667 Words   |  7 Pagestheory of forms could explain how, at the same time. no two objects of one type are the exact same, and yet they are still the same type of object. For example, he believed that two tables could never be exactly the same, but also shared a â€Å"tableness† between them. He also believed in the traditional Greek periodic table of water, fire, earth, and air, but added a fifth element of his own, which would later be named ether. He theorized that the heavens, and that the objects contained in the heavensRead MoreThe Key Minds That Made Chemistry Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesMendeleev, th e man who charted the first periodic table. Although it had undergone many modifications it is probably the most used tool in science classrooms around the world to this date. Dmitri was a Russian chemist who was born in 1834 in Siberia. In Heidelberg he made his first mark in chemistry history by helping create the principle for critical temperature for gas while working with a chemist that goes by the name of Gustav Kirchhoff. But back to the periodic table, it was first presented in The JournalRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Atom1384 Words   |  6 Pagesthe  absorption  of optical radiation (light) by free  atoms  in the gaseous state. (Wikipedia) Sir William Crookes made a simple cathode ray tube, which later became the basis for Television. Sir William discovered the 81th element of the periodic table Thallium (Tl Periodic Number 81) in 1861. Thallium is extremely soft, malleable and sectile enough to be cut with a knife at room temperature. It has a metallic luster that, when exposed to air, quickly tarnishes to a bluish-gray tinge, resembling lead

Global Pursuit Of International Commerce - 1928 Words

3. Global Pursuit of International Commerce Today, globalization is a generic term, economic globalization demands key developments in trade, and these are finance and foreign direct reserves by multinational corporations. International trade has grown exponentially and has become a much more prominent influence over domestic and global economic businesses. Trade consumes a quarter of the total world income encompassing merchandise trade, banking, and information. (Ferguson, 2014). Export vendors and consumers benefit from the openness of the Internet yet organizations find themselves challenged with international businesses that have improved their productivity where transnational policy differences poses significant barriers. Global†¦show more content†¦More and more businesses have expanded their exchanges into the world markets because of the innovative technology advancements, assimilated financial systems, and openness of the Internet. Despite the technological progression, the majority of trade takes place in primary, advanced industrialized economies – U.S., Japan, and Western Europe. (Ferguson, 2014). In spite of the restricted nature of commercial globalization, transnational organizations play a significant role in the global economy. These entities have become major determinants of trade, industry locality, and other worldwide economic activities. Within the realm of the global economy, organizations must understand the principal forces altering global economic and political matters. A. International Commerce – Antitrust and Competition Enforcement and Free Trade The world of enforced trade competition or otherwise known as antitrust enforcement has now assumed a new dominance within global commerce. Trade and competition policy have always been viewed as influential between them. Essentially, both set forth balanced competition in the marketplace that benefits customers but doesn’t protect manufacturers. (Heather, 2014). Promoting competition through antitrust or trade competition is no easy undertaking. The challenge is prominent through foreign direct

Tax Implications Relating to Bonus Shares Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Prepare a Letter of Advice to Serena Advise Serena about the tax implication soft sale of her business,includin gall exemptions/concessions available and conditions that she must meet in order to access them. 2.Discuss the tax implications of the issue of the Lithium Australian Lbonus shares to Serena. 3.Discuss the assessbility of Each receipt listed in the Information. Answers: 1.To, Mrs Serena, Serenas Sensational Shoes Subject:Advice on various income tax issues that have arisen during 2016 tax year as well as the issues which will arise in future. Dear Madam, As per our previous conversation in this letter, I am providing you advice relating to income tax issues relating to the sale of business, bonus shares and other receipts during the year. Tax implications of specified issues have been explained below: Sale of business Capital Gain tax is to be paid on arising of capital gain. It is part of income tax, and the same may arise in case we sell or dispose of assets or our business (Barkoczy, 2016). In the present scenario, as you are thinking of selling your business; you have to follow the following provisions relating to capital gain taxation. The amount of taxable capital gain in the present case will be: Consideration receivable for business $ 240000 Agent and legal cost relating to sale of business ($ 8700) Net consideration receivable is taxable $231300 As the present case relating to small business the following CGT exemptions can be availed: 15- Years asset exemption In case one is 55 years old and have owned business for at least 15 years then you are not required to pay CGT when you dispose of the asset by sale, gift or transfer (Lang, 2014). Presently you are not eligible for same; hence it is advised to delay the idea of selling the business until next year so that the specified exemption could be availed. 50% active asset reduction According to provisions of section 152-205 of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, in case we owe an active business then you are required to provide tax on fifty percent of the capital gain in case we dispose of the asset. This exemption can be availed now if the decision of selling a business cannot be availed. 2.Tax implications relating to bonus shares Section 130-15 of ITAA 1997 specifies provisions relating to bonus shares. As per the specified provisions bonus shares are additional shares received for an existing holding of shares received and its cost depend whether the shares are assessable as divided or not. In case the shares are received in cash than the same are treated as a dividend and included in assessable income. Presently no tax will be paid as the bonus shares have not been availed in cash form but when these shares are sold the same will be liable for capital gain taxation. 3.Assessability of each receipt listed in the information Gross income: This income is assessable as it is covered under provisions of personal service income. Serena had earned this income through her personal skills and efforts. This income is inclusive of sales of goods and services, interest, royalties and she are allowed to subtract allowable deductions (Taylor and Richardson, 2013). Franked dividends from Commonwealth Bank: Dividend received by Serena is totally franked which mean entire amount carries the franking credit. Thus on the same tax liability does not arise. For this aspects, case facts of PERLS V securities can be considered. Income from army reserves: This income is exempted as it is received from government sources. Same has been covered under provisions of Sec 51-1. Cash received from grandfather: In accordance with the provisions of Australian taxation law gifts or cash received from relatives is exempt from tax, so it will not be assessable. Same has been covered under case study of Scott v FCT (1966) 117 CLR 514 (Barkoczy, 2016). Henceforth only gross income is assessable in present financial year. References Barkoczy, S., 2016. Core tax legislation and study guide. OUP Catalogue. Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016. OUP Catalogue. Lang, M., 2014. Introduction to the law of double taxation conventions. Linde Verlag GmbH. Taylor, G. and Richardson, G., 2013. The determinants of thinly capitalised tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 22(1), pp.12-25